Yes, Glimpse's API supports Python.
If you want more options, there's also an unofficial, open-source Python Package called PyTrends which lets users automate Google Trends queries.
However, as the author puts it, it's "only good until Google changes their backend again." Their approach is unreliable given that Google's regular updates frequently break it. If you want a more reliable API solution, try Glimpse's solution mentioned above.
The API from Glimpse supports JavaScript.
If you're looking for something open-source though, have a look at google-trends-api which uses JavaScript to automate pulling data from Google Trends. However, it hasn't been updated since 2020, and as of writing this article, doesn't seem to be very stable anymore.
Yes, there is an unofficial, open-source tool called j-google-trends-api which lets users interact with Google Trends data via Java. However, it hasn't been updated since 2014, and likely isn't working anymore. We recommend looking at the other options on this list.
Yes, there's an unofficial, open-source tool called gtrendsR.
Yes, there's an unofficial, open-source tool called g-trends.
No, there's no official free or even paid Google Trends API. The best substitute is the Glimpse API which provides Google Trends data enriched with absolute volume.